PESTEL
PESTEL
Official name:
Swiss Confederation
2.1 Geography
Area: 41,285 sq. km. (15,941 sq. mi.); about the size of Vermont and New Hampshire combined.
Cities: Capital--Bern (population about 123,000). Other cities--Zurich (341,000), Geneva (176,000), Basel (165,000), Lausanne (116,000).
Terrain: 60% mountains, the remainder hills and plateau. Switzerland straddles the central ranges of the Alps.
Climate: Temperate, varying with altitude and season.(www.swissinfo.org)
2.2 People
Nationality: Noun and adjective--Swiss (singular and plural).
Population (July 2006 est.): 7,523,934.
Annual growth rate: 0.43%.
Ethnic groups: Mixed European.
Religions: Roman Catholic 42%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 4.3%, others 5.4%, no religion 11%.
Languages: German 63.7%, French 20.4%, Italian 6.5%, Romansch 0.5%, other 9.4%.
Education: Years compulsory--9. Attendance--100%. Literacy--100%.
Health: Infant mortality rate--4.3/1,000. Life expectancy--men 77.7 yrs., women 83.5 yrs.
Work force (3.81 million): Agriculture and forestry--4.2%. Industry and business--25.6%. Services and government--70.2%.(www.swissinfo.org)
2.3 Government
Type: Federal state.
Independence:
The first Swiss Confederation was founded in August 1291 as a defensive alliance among three cantons. The Swiss Confederation established independence from the Holy Roman Empire in 1499.
Constitution: 1848; extensively amended in 1874; fully revised in 2000
Branches: Executive--Federal Council, a collegium of seven members, headed by a rotating one-year presidency. Legislative--Federal Assembly (bicameral: Council of States, 46 members; National Council, 200 members). Judicial--Federal Tribunal.
Administrative subdivisions: 26 cantons (states) with considerable autonomy.
Political parties: Swiss People's Party (SVP), Social Democratic Party (SP), Free Democratic Party (FDP), Christian Democratic Party (CVP), and several smaller parties representing localities or views from extreme left to extreme right.
Suffrage: In federal matters, universal over 18.
(www.swissinfo.org)
2.4 Economy
GDP (2006): $386.8 billion (483.8 billion Swiss francs).
Annual growth rate (2006): 2.7% in real terms.
Per capita income (2001): $30,522 (37,695 Swiss francs).
Avg. inflation rate (2006): 1.2%.
Natural resources: Water power, timber, salt.
Agriculture (est. 1.8% of GDP in 2004): Products--dairy, livestock, grains, fruit and vegetables, potatoes, wine.
Arable land (1999): 26%.
Industry (est. 28.2% of GDP in 2004): Types--machinery, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, time pieces, precision instruments, textiles and clothing, pigment, transportation equipment Services (70% of GDP in 2005).
Trade (2006): Exports--$166.3 billion (208 billion Swiss francs): machinery and electronics; chemicals and pharmaceuticals; instruments and timepieces. Major markets--Germany, United States, France, Italy, U.K., Japan. Imports--$162.3 billion (203 billion Swiss francs): machinery and electronics; chemicals; vehicles. Major suppliers--Germany, Italy, France, Netherlands, U.S., U.K., Japan.
(www.swissinfo.org)
Official name:
Swiss Confederation
2.1 Geography
Area: 41,285 sq. km. (15,941 sq. mi.); about the size of Vermont and New Hampshire combined.
Cities: Capital--Bern (population about 123,000). Other cities--Zurich (341,000), Geneva (176,000), Basel (165,000), Lausanne (116,000).
Terrain: 60% mountains, the remainder hills and plateau. Switzerland straddles the central ranges of the Alps.
Climate: Temperate, varying with altitude and season.(www.swissinfo.org)
2.2 People
Nationality: Noun and adjective--Swiss (singular and plural).
Population (July 2006 est.): 7,523,934.
Annual growth rate: 0.43%.
Ethnic groups: Mixed European.
Religions: Roman Catholic 42%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 4.3%, others 5.4%, no religion 11%.
Languages: German 63.7%, French 20.4%, Italian 6.5%, Romansch 0.5%, other 9.4%.
Education: Years compulsory--9. Attendance--100%. Literacy--100%.
Health: Infant mortality rate--4.3/1,000. Life expectancy--men 77.7 yrs., women 83.5 yrs.
Work force (3.81 million): Agriculture and forestry--4.2%. Industry and business--25.6%. Services and government--70.2%.(www.swissinfo.org)
2.3 Government
Type: Federal state.
Independence:
The first Swiss Confederation was founded in August 1291 as a defensive alliance among three cantons. The Swiss Confederation established independence from the Holy Roman Empire in 1499.
Constitution: 1848; extensively amended in 1874; fully revised in 2000
Branches: Executive--Federal Council, a collegium of seven members, headed by a rotating one-year presidency. Legislative--Federal Assembly (bicameral: Council of States, 46 members; National Council, 200 members). Judicial--Federal Tribunal.
Administrative subdivisions: 26 cantons (states) with considerable autonomy.
Political parties: Swiss People's Party (SVP), Social Democratic Party (SP), Free Democratic Party (FDP), Christian Democratic Party (CVP), and several smaller parties representing localities or views from extreme left to extreme right.
Suffrage: In federal matters, universal over 18.
(www.swissinfo.org)
2.4 Economy
GDP (2006): $386.8 billion (483.8 billion Swiss francs).
Annual growth rate (2006): 2.7% in real terms.
Per capita income (2001): $30,522 (37,695 Swiss francs).
Avg. inflation rate (2006): 1.2%.
Natural resources: Water power, timber, salt.
Agriculture (est. 1.8% of GDP in 2004): Products--dairy, livestock, grains, fruit and vegetables, potatoes, wine.
Arable land (1999): 26%.
Industry (est. 28.2% of GDP in 2004): Types--machinery, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, time pieces, precision instruments, textiles and clothing, pigment, transportation equipment Services (70% of GDP in 2005).
Trade (2006): Exports--$166.3 billion (208 billion Swiss francs): machinery and electronics; chemicals and pharmaceuticals; instruments and timepieces. Major markets--Germany, United States, France, Italy, U.K., Japan. Imports--$162.3 billion (203 billion Swiss francs): machinery and electronics; chemicals; vehicles. Major suppliers--Germany, Italy, France, Netherlands, U.S., U.K., Japan.
(www.swissinfo.org)
